While there is not yet a broadly available cure or vaccine, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy. Known as the Berlin Patient and the London Patient, two individuals have been reported cured of AIDS and the NIH and Gates Foundation pledged $200 million focused on developing a global cure for AIDS. Disease in a baby can often be prevented by giving both the mother and child antiretroviral medication. Methods of prevention include safe sex, needle exchange programs, treating those who are infected, as well as both pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis. Some bodily fluids, such as saliva, sweat and tears, do not transmit the virus. HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex (including anal and oral sex), contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. This stage is often also associated with unintended weight loss. These late symptoms of infection are referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). If the infection progresses, it interferes more with the immune system, increasing the risk of developing common infections such as tuberculosis, as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors which are otherwise rare in people who have normal immune function. Typically, this is followed by a prolonged incubation period with no symptoms. Following initial infection an individual may not notice any symptoms, or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness.

Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus. Near normal life expectancy with treatment ġ1 years life expectancy without treatment ĥ5.9 million – 100 million total cases Safe sex, needle exchange, male circumcision, pre-exposure prophylaxis, post-exposure prophylaxis Unprotected anal or vaginal sex, having another sexually transmitted infection, needle sharing, medical procedures involving unsterile cutting or piercing, and experiencing needlestick injury. Later: Large lymph nodes, fever, weight loss The red ribbon is a symbol for solidarity with HIV-positive people and those living with AIDS.

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